Wednesday, 3 March 2021

9.6.- Writing: Result links and how to write a report


 

What effects do you think science has had on our society?

Think about one and share it in class.


For example, artificial life spams through a computer that simulates a heart in open-heart surgeries.


Science Effects on Society


Science has profoundly shaped the fabric of society, influencing nearly every aspect of human existence. For that reason, the impact of scientific advancements on our daily lives cannot be overstated. From healthcare and communication to transportation and entertainment, science has revolutionised the way we live, work, and interact with one another.

Owing to the relentless pursuit of knowledge and innovation, scientific breakthroughs have brought about transformative changes across the globe. In consequence, life expectancy has increased, infectious diseases have been eradicated, and quality of life has improved for millions of people worldwide. On account of such advancements, societies have witnessed unprecedented progress in the realms of medicine, agriculture, and technology.

Moreover, science has fostered interconnectedness and globalization on a scale never before imagined. Through advancements in telecommunications and transportation, the world has become more interconnected than ever, facilitating the exchange of ideas, goods, and cultures across borders. Consequently, societies have become more diverse, vibrant, and interconnected, enriching the global tapestry of human experience.

In view of the fact that scientific knowledge is readily accessible and disseminated through various channels, including the internet and mass media, people have become more informed and empowered to make informed decisions about their lives and the world around them. This democratization of knowledge has democratized access to information, enabling individuals to critically engage with scientific concepts and participate in societal discourse.

However, it is essential to recognize that science's influence is not always uniformly positive. As technologies advance, ethical dilemmas and societal challenges emerge. Issues such as privacy concerns, environmental degradation, and disparities in access to resources necessitate careful consideration and thoughtful solutions. Otherwise, the unintended consequences of scientific progress may exacerbate existing inequalities and injustices within society.

Nonetheless, the benefits of scientific inquiry and innovation far outweigh the drawbacks. By harnessing the power of science for the greater good, societies can address pressing challenges, promote sustainable development, and build a more equitable and prosperous future for all. In this way, science continues to serve as a catalyst for progress and a driving force for positive change in the world.

 

Common Structures for Result Links or Linking Words of Cause and Effect


1.- As / Since / Because

You arrived late as you couldn’t take a cab.

You arrived late since you couldn’t take a cab.

You arrived late because you couldn’t take a cab.

Result in a full clause + as/since/because + Cause in a full clause

 

As you couldn’t take a cab, you arrived late.

Since you couldn’t take a cab, you arrived late.

Because you couldn’t take a cab, you arrived late.

As/Since/Because + Cause in a full clause, Result in a full clause 

 

 

2.- Because of / On account of / Due to / Owing to

You arrived late because of the traffic.

Your bill is fully paid on account of your coupons.

You arrived late due to the traffic.

You arrived late owing to the traffic.

Result  in a full clause + because of / on account of/due to / owing to + Cause in a noun clause

 

Because of the traffic, you arrived late.

On account of the traffic, you arrived late.

Due to the traffic, you arrived late.

Owing to the traffic, you arrived late.

Because of / On account of / Due to / Owing to + Cause in a noun clause, result in a full clause

 

3.- Resulted in

Your meeting resulted in a big party.

Cause in a noun clause+ Resulted in + Result in a noun clause

 

Your new position resulted in having to work more.

Cause in a noun clause + Resulted in + Result clause in  an -ing verb clause

 

4.- Due to the fact / Owing to the fact

You didn’t attend the last class due to the fact you didn’t have an internet connection.

You didn’t attend the last class owing to the fact you didn’t have an internet connection.

 

Result in full clause + due to the fact (that) / owing to the fact (that) + Cause in full clause

 

Due to the fact you didn’t have an internet connection, you didn’t attend the last class.

Owing to the fact you didn’t have an internet connection, you didn’t attend the last class.

 Due to the fact (that) / Owing to the fact (that) + Cause in a full clause, Result in a full clause

 

6.- As a result of

You missed the train as a result of having arrived late.

You paid more as a result of the price increase.

Result in a full clause + As a result of + Cause in a verb clause in an -ing verb clause / a noun clause

 

As a result of having arrived late, you missed the train.

As a result of the price increase, you paid more.

As a result of + Cause in an -ing verb clause or a noun clause, Result in a full clause

 

7.- Consequently / Otherwise

I won’t be in Cancun next week. Consequently, we won’t be able to get together next Monday.

You have to sign these documents. Otherwise, you will lose your job.

Cause in a full clause. + Consequently / Otherwise, + Result in a full clause

 

8.- Or else

You have to sign these documents or else you will lose your job.

Cause in a full clause + or else + Result in a full clause

 

9.- So 

These are your final project guidelines, so you must start working on them.

Cause in a full clause, so + result in a full clause


Collaborative Book Exercise 1 on page 78


Individual Online Exercise about Result Links

https://www.perfect-english-grammar.com/linking-words-reason-exercise-2.html


Collaborative Book Exercise on page 78



Cambridge C1 Advanced (CAE): How to Write a Report



What is a CAE report?

A CAE report is a document based on a written assignment in the Cambridge English: Advanced (CAE) exam in the writing section part 2 that evaluates a situation and makes recommendation.


Report Structure

1.- Title

2.- Introduction

3.- Three body paragraphs

4.- Conclusion


Report writing features:

1.- Neutral or formal language register

2.- The introduction emphasises the purpose of the document.

3.- The body is for developing the given points in the exam task.

4.- The conclusion must be focused on giving at least a recommendation with its justification.

5.- Word range: 220-260 words

6.- Subtitles are required for each section.

Source https://teacherphill.com/cae-how-to-write-a-report/ 

Useful phrases to start the introduction and the recommendation paragraph 

1.- Some good phrases to start your report include the following:

  • The aim/goal/purpose of this report is to …
  • This report is intended to show/evaluate/analyse/discuss …
  • In this report, it will be discussed/analysed…

2.- Some nice expressions for the recommendation are the following:

  • I would recommend/suggest (that) …
  • The following (improvements) are recommended: …
  • The best ideas/solutions seem to be …
  • It would be (highly) advisable to …
  • If it is decided to follow my recommendations, …
  • Based on the findings of this report, I recommend/suggest + -ing
  • I (strongly) urge you to …

Writing Assessment Criteria


Source: https://teacherphill.com/cae-how-to-write-a-report/ 


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